B?ker:
Noam Chomsky: Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. MIT Press. Kapittel 1 Methodological preliminaries. Side 3-62.
Ray Jackendoff: Foundations of Language, Oxford University Press 2002, kap. 1-4, unntatt side 58-67 (Part 1; Psychological and Biological Foundations) ISBN 0199264376
William Labov: The study of language in its social context. I William Labov: Sociolinguistic Patterns. Side 183-259. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1972. ISBN:0-8122-1052-2
Saussure, Ferdinand de: Course in General Linguistics. Translated and annotated by Roy Harris. London: Duckworth 1983. ISBN: 0-7156-1670-6. (NB: bare Harris' oversettelse av Saussure anbefales.):
- Fra Introduction: Chapter III The object of study og Chapter IV Linguistics of language structure and linguistics of speech
- Fra Part One General Principles: Chapter I Nature of the linguistic sign, Chapter II Invariability and variabilty of the sign og Chapter III Static linguistics and evolutionary linguistics
- Fra Part Two Synchronic Linguistics: Chapter IV Linguistic value og Chapter V Syntagmatic relations and associative relations.
Elektroniske tekster:
Helge Dyvik: Spr?k, spr?klig kompetanse og lingvistikkens objekt. http://www.hf.uib.no/i/LiLi/SLF/ans/Dyvik/sprkomp.html
Kompendium:
Leonard Bloomfield: Language, 1933. University of Chicago Press. Kapittel 2 The Use of Language og kapittel 9 Meaning.
Langacker, Ronald W. 1987 Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol. I: Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Side 11-96 Guiding Assumptions og Fundamental Concepts